EKOLOŠKA NEODRŽIVOST KONVENCIONALNE AGROTEHNIKE: NARUŠAVANJE ZEMLJIŠNOG RESURSA I AGROEKOSISTEMA - FINANSIJSKI I EKONOMSKI EFEKTI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59864/FinAdv310201JVTKljučne reči:
konvencionalna agrotehnika, degradacija zemljišta, erozija, biodiverzitet, agroproduktivnost, održiva poljoprivreda, troškovi obrade, finansijski efektiApstrakt
Rad analizira ekološku neodrživost konvencionalne agrotehnike, sa posebnim naglaskom na degradaciju zemljišta, eroziju, gubitak biodiverziteta i pad agroproduktivnosti, kao i na prateće finansijsko-ekonomske posledice po poljoprivredna gazdinstva. Polazi se od pretpostavke da modeli poljoprivredne proizvodnje zasnovani na dubokoj obradi zemljišta, monokulturama i intenzivnoj upotrebi mineralnih đubriva i pesticida obezbeđuju kratkoročne proizvodne efekte, ali dugoročno dovode do slabljenja funkcionalnosti agroekosistema i rasta rashoda. U radu se razmatraju ključni mehanizmi degradacije zemljišta, uključujući narušavanje strukture, smanjenje sadržaja organske materije, pojačanu podložnost vodnoj i eolskoj eroziji, kao i smanjenje kapaciteta zemljišta za zadržavanje vode. Poseban deo rada posvećen je ekonomskim posledicama degradacije, koje se ogledaju u rastu troškova proizvodnje (gorivo, mehanizacija, repromaterijal), povećanoj zavisnosti od eksternih inputa i smanjenju profitabilnosti poljoprivrednih gazdinstava. Takođe se analizira lokalni kontekst AP Vojvodine, gde su černozemi, uprkos visokoj prirodnoj plodnosti, izloženi intenzivnoj eksploataciji, klimatskim stresovima i degradacionim procesima. U završnom delu rada upoređuju se konvencionalne i održive prakse, pri čemu se ističu prednosti no-till sistema, redukovane obrade, pokrovnih useva i plodoreda u očuvanju zemljišnih resursa, stabilizaciji agroekosistema i optimizaciji finansijskih rashoda. Rezultati analize ukazuju da prelazak ka konzervacijskim i regenerativnim pristupima predstavlja nužan preduslov dugoročne ekološke i ekonomske održivosti poljoprivrede.Preuzimanja
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